Herbaceous peonies are a time investment. These hardy perennials normally take three growing seasons to reach maturity and optimal bloom. The rule of thumb is peony divisions sleep the first year, creep during the second season and leap during the third one. Under these circumstances, good culture insures positive long-term garden results.

Peonies prefer a sunny location with well-drained loamy soil. A minimum of half-day sun is ideal. They should never be placed under any tree canopy. Soil modification of the upper one foot of soil with well-rotted organic matter such as leaf compost helps improve the Piedmont red clays of the Central VA region. This practice promotes sound root and foliar development. Peonies like a neutral soil pH. Acidic readings can be remedied with a pelletized calcitic limestone product.

These deer resistant perennials can thrive in one location for many years. Division should not be attempted unless bloom and overall health begin to noticeably decline. This task can be undertaken in Central VA beginning in early October through the fall as herbaceous peonies reach their annual dormancy. Spring and summer dividing should be AVOIDED.

Well-established crowns will take considerable effort to excavate and handle. A three-pronged digging fork can help pry pieces out of the ground. Roots are typically brittle. Care should be taken to avoid unwanted breakage. Each division should have a minimum of three to five eyes for successful re-installation. Soil can be washed off roots and drenched with a recommended fungicide for gray mold protection. Divided roots may also be affected by Phytophthora root disease. Treatment options however are limited and expensive. Pick good varieties to avoid this problem.

The hole for planting a division should allow for generous amounts of modified backfill. In other words, "dig a dollar hole for a dime plant." The uppermost eye on the crown needs to be two inches below the soil surface. Divisions planted too deep are a major cause of bloom failure. Peonies do not like high nitrogen fertilizers. A light top dressing of a 5-10-10 fertilizer for the initial two growing seasons is sufficient.

Good garden sanitation insures good yearly health. As foliage dies back in fall, stems need to be cut back to ground. Collected debris can be either disposed in the garbage or burned. Botrytis Blight is a foliar disease affecting herbaceous peonies. Inside stems will suddenly wilt and develop a fuzzy gray appearance. Protection against this disease can be achieved with the appropriate fungicide. Consult your local Cooperative Extension Service office for the latest recommendations.